National Park Service Geologist Erin Argyilan poses at Indiana Dunes National Park on November 2, 2023. At Indiana Dunes National Park, beaches are submerged, and the namesake dunes are collapsing. While the situation was once manageable, climate change "is changing the game completely," Argyilan says. "Our goal is to minimize the impact as much as possible," says Argyilan, while acknowledging that beach nourishment amounts to a "bandaid." (Photo by Lucie AUBOURG / AFP)

Biologist Don Swann looks at the remains of a dead Saguaro cactus in Saguaro National Park, on November 16, 2023. Young saguaros, which grow slowly, are particularly vulnerable to drought due to their limited water storage capacity. By age 15, they are a mere six inches (10 centimeters) in height, making them highly susceptible to drought conditions. As a result, "since the mid-1990s, we haven't had very many young saguaros surviving at all," says Swann. (Photo by Lucie AUBOURG / AFP)

Biologist Don Swann measures a Saguaro cactus in Saguaro National Park, on November 16, 2023. Young saguaros, which grow slowly, are particularly vulnerable to drought due to their limited water storage capacity. By age 15, they are a mere six inches (10 centimeters) in height, making them highly susceptible to drought conditions. As a result, "since the mid-1990s, we haven't had very many young saguaros surviving at all," says Swann. (Photo by Lucie AUBOURG / AFP)

Biologist Frankie Foley shows volunteers how to remove buffelgrass in Saguaro National Park, on November 18, 2023. In 2020 and again in 2023, the region experienced unusually meager summer rainfall, typically a time of monsoon rains. The non-native buffelgrass began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. The species "is very dry for much of the year, and it can ignite quickly and quite easily," says Foley. (Photo by Lucie AUBOURG / AFP)

Traders clean khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

People dispose waste from khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, processing at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A woman sorts discarded khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches to sell them as firewood at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Traders transport khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A woman sorts discarded khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches to sell them as firewood at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

People transport and trade khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

People rest on the ground after having spent the night cleaning and preparing khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A man chews khat and smokes a cigarette after having spent the night cleaning and preparing khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A general view of khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, trader negotiate prices with a farmer at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Traders carry khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Traders carry khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

People clean and prepare khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Traders carry khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

People clean and prepare khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A man cleans khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Traders carry khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A man cleans khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A man rests smoking a cigarette after having spent the night cleaning and preparing khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A man carries discarded khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches to sell them as firewood at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

People clean and prepare khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A man rests laying on a bag filled with khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A khat farmer checks his field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmer Youssouf Mume holds a traditional sickle used to harvest branches in his family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmer Naima Ahmed cleans branches in her family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmer Youssouf Mume harvests branches in his family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmers Youssouf Mume and Naima Ahmed harvest branches in their family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmer Youssouf Mume harvests branches in his family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmer Youssouf Mume harvests branches in his family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmer Youssouf Mume harvests branches in his family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmer Youssouf Mume walks among plants in his family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

Khat farmer Youssouf Mume checks plants in his family field outside Harar on April 16, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A woman cuts khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a farm outside Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

People chew khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, lying on a market street outside Harar walled city on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

A general view of khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, plants at a farm outside Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

People clean and prepare khat, an euphoric recreational stimulant, branches at a khat market in Aweday on April 15, 2024. The plant of khat, which has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar region, is an euphoric recreational stimulant chewed throughout the Horn of Africa. Khat is one of Ethiopia's main export products but in the Harar region and in the neighboring areas of East Hararghe and West Hararghe, which concentrate half of Ethiopia's 281,000 hectares of khat fields, the 3.8 million growers are feeling downcast due to a significant shrinking of khat prices. (Photo by Michele Spatari / AFP)

This aerial photo shows rocks built up along the shore of Lake Michigan in Beverly Shores, Indiana, on November 3, 2023. Houses in one of the villages that dot the park threatened to collapse, and residents erected massive rock blocks on the beach to shield them from erosion. This solution however sparked controversy as the obstacles worsened the degradation of dunes further along the shore. As Betsy Maher, executive director of "Save the Dunes," puts it: "We can't destroy the beach for the sake of a few homes." The dilemma encapsulates the harsh tradeoff that is at times imposed by climate change: save nature, or save humans? (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows rocks built up along the shore of Lake Michigan in Beverly Shores, Indiana, on November 3, 2023. US Biologist Laura Brennan describes the coin-sized Karner blue butterfly as "very delicate and graceful" with a "lovely blue" coloring and "just a little speckling of orange." The species, declared endangered in 1992, used to flourish in Indiana Dunes National Park, where Brennan has worked for two decades. Brennan and thousands of others in the National Park Service (NPS) are witnessing firsthand the consequences of the climate crisis and struggling to mitigate its impacts. (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows rocks built up along the shore of Lake Michigan in Beverly Shores, Indiana, on November 3, 2023. Houses in one of the villages that dot the park threatened to collapse, and residents erected massive rock blocks on the beach to shield them from erosion. This solution however sparked controversy as the obstacles worsened the degradation of dunes further along the shore. As Betsy Maher, executive director of "Save the Dunes," puts it: "We can't destroy the beach for the sake of a few homes." The dilemma encapsulates the harsh tradeoff that is at times imposed by climate change: save nature, or save humans? (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows rocks built up along the shore of Lake Michigan in Beverly Shores, Indiana, on November 3, 2023. Houses in one of the villages that dot the park threatened to collapse, and residents erected massive rock blocks on the beach to shield them from erosion. This solution however sparked controversy as the obstacles worsened the degradation of dunes further along the shore. As Betsy Maher, executive director of "Save the Dunes," puts it: "We can't destroy the beach for the sake of a few homes." The dilemma encapsulates the harsh tradeoff that is at times imposed by climate change: save nature, or save humans? (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows trains at a rail yard along Lake Michigan in Burns Harbor, Indiana, on November 1, 2023. At Indiana Dunes National Park, beaches are submerged, and the namesake dunes are collapsing. Yet, unlike the doomed glaciers, park workers are fighting back. Every year, they fill in a damaged site along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, where the park's unique biodiversity thrives amidst surrounding steel mills and a coal-fired power station. (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

A rare crested, or Cristate Saguaro, in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Sharp spines cover a Saguaro Cactus in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona ,on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A Saguaro Cactus with a missing top stands in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

In this aerial view, a vehicle travels along a road near the western edge of Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Termaine Edmo, Environmental Advisor to the Blackfeet Nation, poses for a photo at the Jackson Glacier Overlook in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 20, 2023. Beyond the ecological devastation, the loss of saguaros and glaciers would have far-reaching cultural consequences too. For Native American tribes, these natural wonders hold deep spiritual significance. The Tohono O'odham people consider saguaros their ancestors, and rely on their fruit to make ceremonial syrup. Similarly, the Blackfeet Nation reveres glaciers as sacred, recognizing their crucial role in sustaining life. "We were placed here in this area, because of that water," says Edmo. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

The remains of Red Eagle Glacier, which has shrunk 88% from 133 acres (54 hectares) down to 16 acres (6.5 hectares) as of 2015, viewed from the Jackson Glacier Overlook in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 20, 2023. Families from all over America flock to these wilderness havens to create memories that will last. Conserving the nation's 63 national parks is a rare point of political convergence in a sharply divided country. With tens of millions of visitors to these wonders every year, it's also an economic imperative. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A sign lists how much the glaciers in Glacier National Park in Montana have shrunk at the Jackson Glacier Overlook on October 20, 2023. Families from all over America flock to these wilderness havens to create memories that will last. Conserving the nation's 63 national parks is a rare point of political convergence in a sharply divided country. With tens of millions of visitors to these wonders every year, it's also an economic imperative. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Hiker Ryan Bergman of Florida, views the upper Grinnell Lake and the remains of the Salamander Glacier (top) and the Grinnell Glacier (L) in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. Deep within Montana's Glacier National Park, the once-majestic Grinnell Glacier now lies diminished. Bergman marvels at what still remains of the dense ice body. "It's spectacular!" says the 22-year-old student, who has dedicated two months to visit a dozen parks. He dreams of one day returning with his own children to see the same sights. But time is running out. The park has already lost 60 percent of its namesake glaciers since the 1850s, and scientists predict their complete disappearance by century's end. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A chunk of partially melted ice in front of the Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. Deep within Montana's Glacier National Park, the once-majestic Grinnell Glacier now lies diminished. After a grueling trek, visitors are met with a stunning sight: a serene lake of pale blue water, nestled among towering peaks. But as beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is testament to the ravages of a fast warming planet. Just a few decades ago, this landscape was entirely frozen. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

The turquoise water of Grinnell Lake is bathed in sunlight in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. Deep within Montana's Glacier National Park, the once-majestic Grinnell Glacier now lies diminished. After a grueling trek, visitors are met with a stunning sight: a serene lake of pale blue water, nestled among towering peaks. But as beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is testament to the ravages of a fast warming planet. Just a few decades ago, this landscape was entirely frozen. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Chris Downs, Aquatic and Physical Science Program Manager for Glacier National Park, poses for a photo at the park's Lake McDonald in Montana on October 18, 2023. Downs shares the story of the massive effort it took to rescue the beleaguered bull trout, a native species threatened by warming waters, driven in part by reduced ice melt in later summer. They're also facing competition from non-native lake trout, which were introduced for fishing and are better suited to the changing conditions. Fifty years ago, bull trout outnumbered their invasive counterparts five-to-one. Today, the situation is reversed. In 2014, a decision was made to relocate the native species to cooler, upstream waters where they had never previously been found. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

The Jackson Glacier, which has shrunk 40% from 316 acres (128 hectares) down to 187 acres (76 hectares) as of 2015, viewed from the Jackson Glacier Overlook in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 20, 2023. Families from all over America flock to these wilderness havens to create memories that will last. Conserving the nation's 63 national parks is a rare point of political convergence in a sharply divided country. With tens of millions of visitors to these wonders every year, it's also an economic imperative. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Water drips from a section of the melting Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. Deep within Montana's Glacier National Park, the once-majestic Grinnell Glacier now lies diminished. After a grueling trek, visitors are met with a stunning sight: a serene lake of pale blue water, nestled among towering peaks. But as beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is testament to the ravages of a fast warming planet. Just a few decades ago, this landscape was entirely frozen. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

This aerial photo shows a revetment along the shore of Lake Michigan in Ogden Dunes, Indiana, on November 1, 2023. Houses in one of the villages that dot the park threatened to collapse, and residents erected massive rock blocks on the beach to shield them from erosion. This solution however sparked controversy as the obstacles worsened the degradation of dunes further along the shore. As Betsy Maher, executive director of "Save the Dunes," puts it: "We can't destroy the beach for the sake of a few homes." The dilemma encapsulates the harsh tradeoff that is at times imposed by climate change: save nature, or save humans? (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows the Northern Indiana Public Service Company Power Plant in Michigan City, Indiana, near Indiana Dunes National Park on November 3, 2023. At Indiana Dunes National Park, beaches are submerged, and the namesake dunes are collapsing. Yet, unlike the doomed glaciers, park workers are fighting back. Every year, they fill in a damaged site along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, where the park's unique biodiversity thrives amidst surrounding steel mills and a coal-fired power station. (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows rocks built up in front of homes along the coast of Lake Michigan in Ogden Dunes, Indiana, on November 3, 2023. Houses in one of the villages that dot the park threatened to collapse, and residents erected massive rock blocks on the beach to shield them from erosion. This solution however sparked controversy as the obstacles worsened the degradation of dunes further along the shore. As Betsy Maher, executive director of "Save the Dunes," puts it: "We can't destroy the beach for the sake of a few homes." The dilemma encapsulates the harsh tradeoff that is at times imposed by climate change: save nature, or save humans? (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows Mount Baldy at Indiana Dunes National Park near Porter, Indiana, on November 3, 2023. US Biologist Laura Brennan describes the coin-sized Karner blue butterfly as "very delicate and graceful" with a "lovely blue" coloring and "just a little speckling of orange." The species, declared endangered in 1992, used to flourish in Indiana Dunes National Park, where Brennan has worked for two decades. Brennan and thousands of others in the National Park Service (NPS) are witnessing firsthand the consequences of the climate crisis and struggling to mitigate its impacts. (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows Indiana Dunes National Park and Lake Michigan near Porter, Indiana, on November 2, 2023. US Biologist Laura Brennan describes the coin-sized Karner blue butterfly as "very delicate and graceful" with a "lovely blue" coloring and "just a little speckling of orange." The species, declared endangered in 1992, used to flourish in Indiana Dunes National Park, where Brennan has worked for two decades. Brennan and thousands of others in the National Park Service (NPS) are witnessing firsthand the consequences of the climate crisis and struggling to mitigate its impacts. (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows Indiana Dunes National Park and Lake Michigan near Porter, Indiana, on November 2, 2023. US Biologist Laura Brennan describes the coin-sized Karner blue butterfly as "very delicate and graceful" with a "lovely blue" coloring and "just a little speckling of orange." The species, declared endangered in 1992, used to flourish in Indiana Dunes National Park, where Brennan has worked for two decades. Brennan and thousands of others in the National Park Service (NPS) are witnessing firsthand the consequences of the climate crisis and struggling to mitigate its impacts. (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows a revetment along the coast of Lake Michigan in Ogden Dunes, Indiana, on November 1, 2023. Houses in one of the villages that dot the park threatened to collapse, and residents erected massive rock blocks on the beach to shield them from erosion. This solution however sparked controversy as the obstacles worsened the degradation of dunes further along the shore. As Betsy Maher, executive director of "Save the Dunes," puts it: "We can't destroy the beach for the sake of a few homes." The dilemma encapsulates the harsh tradeoff that is at times imposed by climate change: save nature, or save humans? (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows Indiana Dunes National Park near Porter, Indiana, on November 1, 2023. US Biologist Laura Brennan describes the coin-sized Karner blue butterfly as "very delicate and graceful" with a "lovely blue" coloring and "just a little speckling of orange." The species, declared endangered in 1992, used to flourish in Indiana Dunes National Park, where Brennan has worked for two decades. Brennan and thousands of others in the National Park Service (NPS) are witnessing firsthand the consequences of the climate crisis and struggling to mitigate its impacts. (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

This aerial photo shows Mount Baldy in Indiana Dunes National Park on November 1, 2023. At Indiana Dunes National Park, beaches are submerged, and the namesake dunes are collapsing. Yet, unlike the doomed glaciers, park workers are fighting back. Every year, they fill in a damaged site along the southern shore of Lake Michigan, where the park's unique biodiversity thrives amidst surrounding steel mills and a coal-fired power station. (Photo by Diane DESOBEAU / AFP)

A stressed old-growth Saguaro Cactus with multiple arms towers over the desert floor in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

People watch sunset from Gates Pass near the entrance to Saguaro National Park in Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A flower grows on a prickly pear cactus in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona,on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A Saguaro Cctus grows through the roof of a home in Tucson, Arizona,on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Early stages of a new arm sprout from the side of a Saguaro Cactus in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Petroglyphs at Signal Hill in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Petroglyphs at Signal Hill in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A Saguaro Cactus is framed in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Coyotes wander down a road at the edge of Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A vehicle enters Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A fallen Saguaro Cactus decomposes in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A car travels through Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A fallen Saguaro Cactus decomposes at the western edge of Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A building is surrounded by thousands of Saguaro Cactus at the eastern edge of Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A fallen Saguaro Cactus decomposes in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A Cactus Wren, the state bird of Arizona, stands on top of a Saguaro Cactus in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A fire danger warning in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. The park has the largest concentration of iconic saguaro cacti in the country, approximately two million of the towering desert plants. These resilient cacti that evolved to cope with ultra-arid environments are facing hidden threats as a result of a drought that began around 30 years ago. During this period buffelgrass, began to colonize the park. This invasive weed, introduced from Africa as livestock fodder, fuels fires that have ravaged saguaros in the past, as in 1994 and 1999. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

In this long exposure photograph, a neon saguaro cactus sign in downtown Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Saguaro Cactus line a hillside in Saguaro National Park near Tucson, Arizona, on November 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A small iceberg from a melting Grinnell Glacier floats in Upper Grinnell Lake in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. Deep within Montana's Glacier National Park, the once-majestic Grinnell Glacier now lies diminished. After a grueling trek, visitors are met with a stunning sight: a serene lake of pale blue water, nestled among towering peaks. But as beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is testament to the ravages of a fast warming planet. Just a few decades ago, this landscape was entirely frozen. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

The eastern entrance to Glacier National Park behind the Blackfeet Indian Memorial in St. Mary, Montana, on October 20, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A sign posted by Blackfeet Nation is posted in Browning, Montana, on October 20, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. Termaine Edmo takes part in the Native America Speaks program which each summer brings members of her tribe, the Blackfeet Nation, to share their history with visitors to Glacier National Park. But the activist, her eyebrows furrowed, speaks harshly of those who administer the land "stolen" from her people, where plant harvests remain rationed. "They're still oppressing us," says Edmo, whose license plate begins with the letters "DECO," for "decolonization." (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A Bighorn Sheep stands near a mountain cliff above the Grinnell Glacier trail in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. In picturesque Glacier National Park, near the US-Canada border in Montana, biologist Dawn LaFleur is working to save an at-risk pine species. "Pretty much everything we do is in light of climate change," she told AFP. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Termaine Edmo, Environmental Advisor to the Blackfeet Nation, shows how a man-made badger dam works in Browning, Montana, on October 20, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. Edmo, 35, takes part in the Native America Speaks program which each summer brings members of her tribe, the Blackfeet Nation, to share their history with visitors to Glacier National Park. But the activist, her eyebrows furrowed, speaks harshly of those who administer the land "stolen" from her people, where plant harvests remain rationed. "They're still oppressing us," says Edmo, whose license plate begins with the letters "DECO," for "decolonization." (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

The Jackson Glacier, which has shrunk 40% from 316 acres (128 hectares) down to 187 acres (76 hectares) as of 2015, viewed from the Jackson Glacier Overlook in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 20, 2023. In picturesque Glacier National Park, near the US-Canada border in Montana, biologist Dawn LaFleur is working to save an at-risk pine species. "Pretty much everything we do is in light of climate change," she told AFP. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

An aerial view of the unincorporated city of Browning, Montana, the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, on October 20, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. Termaine Edmo takes part in the Native America Speaks program which each summer brings members of her tribe, the Blackfeet Nation, to share their history with visitors to Glacier National Park. But the activist, her eyebrows furrowed, speaks harshly of those who administer the land "stolen" from her people, where plant harvests remain rationed. "They're still oppressing us," says Edmo, whose license plate begins with the letters "DECO," for "decolonization." (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

The remains of the Grinnell Glacier (L) which has shrunk 45% from 252 acres (102 hectares) down to 139 acres (56 hectares) as of 2015, melts into Upper Grinnell Lake in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. Deep within Montana's Glacier National Park, the once-majestic Grinnell Glacier now lies diminished. After a grueling trek, visitors are met with a stunning sight: a serene lake of pale blue water, nestled among towering peaks. But as beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is testament to the ravages of a fast warming planet. Just a few decades ago, this landscape was entirely frozen. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

The turquoise waters of Grinnell Lake below the Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. In picturesque Glacier National Park, near the US-Canada border in Montana, biologist Dawn LaFleur is working to save an at-risk pine species. "Pretty much everything we do is in light of climate change," she told AFP. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Local resident Charley Deep walks along a pier at Lake McDonald in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 18, 2023. In picturesque Glacier National Park, near the US-Canada border in Montana, biologist Dawn LaFleur is working to save an at-risk pine species. "Pretty much everything we do is in light of climate change," she told AFP. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

An aerial view shows the eastern edge of Glacier National Park from St. Mary, Montana, on October 20, 2023. In picturesque Glacier National Park, near the US-Canada border in Montana, biologist Dawn LaFleur is working to save an at-risk pine species. "Pretty much everything we do is in light of climate change," she told AFP. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Water from melting glaciers flows down a canyon in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. In picturesque Glacier National Park, near the US-Canada border in Montana, biologist Dawn LaFleur is working to save an at-risk pine species. "Pretty much everything we do is in light of climate change," she told AFP. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Sunrise paints an orange glow on a mountain behind Swiftcurrent Lake at Glacier National Park, Montana on October 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Termaine Edmo, Environmental Advisor to the Blackfeet Nation, explains how their sustainable snow fence works behind Browning High School in Browning, Montana, on October 20, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. Edmo, 35, takes part in the Native America Speaks program which each summer brings members of her tribe, the Blackfeet Nation, to share their history with visitors to Glacier National Park. But the activist, her eyebrows furrowed, speaks harshly of those who administer the land "stolen" from her people, where plant harvests remain rationed. "They're still oppressing us," says Edmo, whose license plate begins with the letters "DECO," for "decolonization." (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Hiker Ryan Bergman of Florida, hikes on Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. Deep within Montana's Glacier National Park, the once-majestic Grinnell Glacier now lies diminished. After a grueling trek, visitors are met with a stunning sight: a serene lake of pale blue water, nestled among towering peaks. But as beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is testament to the ravages of a fast warming planet. Just a few decades ago, this landscape was entirely frozen. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

An aerial view of the unincorporated city of Browning, Montana, the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, on October 20, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. Termaine Edmo takes part in the Native America Speaks program which each summer brings members of her tribe, the Blackfeet Nation, to share their history with visitors to Glacier National Park. But the activist, her eyebrows furrowed, speaks harshly of those who administer the land "stolen" from her people, where plant harvests remain rationed. "They're still oppressing us," says Edmo, whose license plate begins with the letters "DECO," for "decolonization." (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A Moose wades in the water of Upper Grinnell Lake in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. In picturesque Glacier National Park, near the US-Canada border in Montana, biologist Dawn LaFleur is working to save an at-risk pine species. "Pretty much everything we do is in light of climate change," she told AFP. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Termaine Edmo, Environmental Advisor to the Blackfeet Nation, expresses the importance of the land at the Jackson Glacier Overlook in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 20, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. Edmo, 35, takes part in the Native America Speaks program which each summer brings members of her tribe, the Blackfeet Nation, to share their history with visitors to Glacier National Park. But the activist, her eyebrows furrowed, speaks harshly of those who administer the land "stolen" from her people, where plant harvests remain rationed. "They're still oppressing us," says Edmo, whose license plate begins with the letters "DECO," for "decolonization." (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A Mountain Goat and her kid wander the hills above Grinnell Glacier trail in Glacier National Park in Montana on October 19, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

Cracks slice through layers of ice along a section of the Grinnell Glacier, which has shrunk 45% from 252 acres (102 hectares) down to 139 acres (56 hectares) as of 2015, at Upper Grinnell Lake in Glacier National Park, Montana, on October 19, 2023. Deep within Montana's Glacier National Park, the once-majestic Grinnell Glacier now lies diminished. After a grueling trek, visitors are met with a stunning sight: a serene lake of pale blue water, nestled among towering peaks. But as beautiful as it is, the very presence of this lake is testament to the ravages of a fast warming planet. Just a few decades ago, this landscape was entirely frozen. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

An aerial view of the unincorporated city of Browning, Montana, the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, on October 20, 2023. Most national parks were set up in areas that are Indigenous ancestral lands. From the 19th century onward, Native Americans were expelled from them or forced to cede them via treaties with unequal terms. Termaine Edmo takes part in the Native America Speaks program which each summer brings members of her tribe, the Blackfeet Nation, to share their history with visitors to Glacier National Park. But the activist, her eyebrows furrowed, speaks harshly of those who administer the land "stolen" from her people, where plant harvests remain rationed. "They're still oppressing us," says Edmo, whose license plate begins with the letters "DECO," for "decolonization." (Photo by JOSH EDELSON / AFP)

A fan of Cruz Azul gestures before the beginning of the Mexican Clausura tournament quarterfinal second leg football match between Cruz Azul and Pumas at the Azul stadium in Mexico City, on May 12, 2024. (Photo by YURI CORTEZ / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's Portuguese forward #09 Goncalo Ramos (L) poses with his wife Margarida Amaral after a price giving ceremony marking the club's French Ligue 1 championships title following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by Franck FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (2L) celebrates next to PSG's stadium speaker Michel Montana (3L) as Paris Saint-Germain's Brazilian defender #05 Marquinhos (3R) lifts the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy during a ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's Brazilian defender #05 Marquinhos poses with his wife and children after a price giving ceremony marking the club's French Ligue 1 championships title following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (C) looks on during the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy during a ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by MIGUEL MEDINA / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (L) and Paris Saint-Germain's midfielder #38 Ethan Mbappe (R) pose with their mother Fayza Lamari (C) after a price giving ceremony marking the club's French Ligue 1 championships title following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by Franck FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (L) and Paris Saint-Germain's midfielder #38 Ethan Mbappe (R) pose with their mother Fayza Lamari (C) after a price giving ceremony marking the club's French Ligue 1 championships title following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by Franck FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Swiss singer Nemo who won the final of the 68th Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) 2024 with the song "The Code" is welcomed by supporters after landing at Zurich Airport on late May 12, 2024. Nemo was given a hero's welcome on returning to Switzerland after winning the Eurovision Song Contest, being greeted by a whirlwind of cheers, hugs and clanging cowbells. (Photo by ARND WIEGMANN / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe poses with Paris Saint-Germain's Costa Rican Goalkeeper #01 Keylor Navas and his family after a price giving ceremony marking the club's French Ligue 1 championships title following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (R) celebrates with his teammates as a giant Paris Saint-Germain's flag waves during the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's Brazilian defender #05 Marquinhos (C) lifts the trophy during the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's Brazilian defender #05 Marquinhos holds the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy in front of his teammates during a ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's Brazilian defender #05 Marquinhos holds the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy in front of his teammates during a ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (2L down) celebrates with his teammates the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy during a ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's Brazilian defender #05 Marquinhos (2nd R) passes by Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe's father Wilfrid Mbappe (L) after a price giving ceremony marking the club's French Ligue 1 championships title following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (R) poses with French comedian Jamel Debbouze (C) and his son after a price giving ceremony marking the club's French Ligue 1 championships title following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (R) hugs Paris Saint-Germain's Moroccan defender #02 Achraf Hakimi (L)'s mother after a price giving ceremony marking the club's French Ligue 1 championships title following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / POOL / AFP)

Swiss singer Nemo who won the final of the 68th Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) 2024 with the song "The Code" is welcomed by supporters after landing at Zurich Airport on late May 12, 2024. Nemo was given a hero's welcome on returning to Switzerland after winning the Eurovision Song Contest, being greeted by a whirlwind of cheers, hugs and clanging cowbells. (Photo by ARND WIEGMANN / AFP)

Swiss singer Nemo who won the final of the 68th Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) 2024 with the song "The Code" is welcomed by supporters after landing at Zurich Airport on late May 12, 2024. Nemo was given a hero's welcome on returning to Switzerland after winning the Eurovision Song Contest, being greeted by a whirlwind of cheers, hugs and clanging cowbells. (Photo by ARND WIEGMANN / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (C) celebrates with the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy during a ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / AFP)

Paris Saint-Germain's French forward #07 Kylian Mbappe (C) celebrates with his teammates the French Ligue 1 championship's trophy during a ceremony following the French L1 football match between Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Toulouse (TFC) on May 12, 2024 at the Parc des Princes stadium in Paris. (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / AFP)