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Photo Researchers Sci-Historical ftp November 2011 (72)

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EN_00995792_0075
EN_00995792_0075

Tyrannosaurus from the late Cretaceous period. Goes to a length of 40 feet and weighted up to 6 tons. Could reach speeds of up to 25 miles per hour. It was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0076
EN_00995792_0076

Tyrannosaurus from the late Cretaceous period. Goes to a length of 40 feet and weighted up to 6 tons. Could reach speeds of up to 25 miles per hour. It was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0077
EN_00995792_0077

Allosaurus from the late Jurassic period. Grows to a length up to 39 feet and weighted up to 2 tons. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States, Australia, Africa, and Europe.

EN_00995792_0078
EN_00995792_0078

Allosaurus from the late Jurassic period. Grows to a length up to 39 feet and weighted up to 2 tons. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States, Australia, Africa, and Europe.

EN_00995792_0079
EN_00995792_0079

Megalosaurus the first dinosaur to be name in 1824. This dinosaur is from the mid Jurassic period. Grows to a length of 30 feet and weighted up to 1 ton. A meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: England.

EN_00995792_0080
EN_00995792_0080

Triceratops (which means "three horned face") dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period. Goes to a length of 29.5 feet and weighted 5 to 8 tons. Was a plant eater. Belonged to the Major group: Ornithischians (Bird-hips) Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0081
EN_00995792_0081

Baryonyx. Piscivorous or fish eating dinosaur.

EN_00995792_0082
EN_00995792_0082

Megalosaurus the first dinosaur to be name in 1824. This dinosaur is from the mid Jurassic period. Grows to a length of 30 feet and weighted up to 1 ton. A meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: England.

EN_00995792_0083
EN_00995792_0083

Tyrannosaurus from the late Cretaceous period. Goes to a length of 40 feet and weighted up to 6 tons. Could reach speeds of up to 25 miles per hour. It was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0084
EN_00995792_0084

Dilophosaurus (which means "double-crested reptile") dinosaur from the early Jurassic period. Goes to a length of 20 feet and weighted up to 1 ton. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0085
EN_00995792_0085

Allosaurus from the late Jurassic period. Grows to a length up to 39 feet and weighted up to 2 tons. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States, Australia, Africa, and Europe.

EN_00995792_0086
EN_00995792_0086

Omeisaurus lived in the late Jurassic Period to early Cretaceous Period.

EN_00995792_0087
EN_00995792_0087

Metriacanthosaurus (which means "moderately spined") dinosaur from the late Jurassic period. Goes to a length of 27 feet and weighted 1 ton. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips).

EN_00995792_0088
EN_00995792_0088

Metriacanthosaurus (which means "moderately spined") dinosaur from the late Jurassic period. Goes to a length of 27 feet and weighted 1 ton. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips).

EN_00995792_0089
EN_00995792_0089

Metriacanthosaurus (which means "moderately spined") dinosaur from the late Jurassic period. Goes to a length of 27 feet and weighted 1 ton. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips).

EN_00995792_0090
EN_00995792_0090

Megalosaurus the first dinosaur to be name in 1824. This dinosaur is from the mid Jurassic period. Grows to a length of 30 feet and weighted up to 1 ton. A meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: England.

EN_00995792_0091
EN_00995792_0091

Metriacanthosaurus (which means "moderately spined") dinosaur from the late Jurassic period. Goes to a length of 27 feet and weighted 1 ton. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips).

EN_00995792_0092
EN_00995792_0092

Dilophosaurus (which means "double-crested reptile") dinosaur from the early Jurassic period. Goes to a length of 20 feet and weighted up to 1 ton. Was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0093
EN_00995792_0093

Tyrannosaurus from the late Cretaceous period. Goes to a length of 40 feet and weighted up to 6 tons. Could reach speeds of up to 25 miles per hour. It was a meat eater. Belonged to the Major group: Saurischians (Lizard-hips) Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0094
EN_00995792_0094

Stegosaurus dinosaur from the late Jurassic period. Goes to a length of 29 feet and weighted 2 to 3 tons. Was a plant eater. Belonged to the Major group: Ornithischians (Bird-hips) Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0095
EN_00995792_0095

Deinonychus (Terrible Claw) feeding on Parasaurolophus dinosaur from the early Cretaceous period. Goes to a length of 10 feet and weighted 150 to 200 lbs. Thought to have hunted in packs and was a meat eater. Fossil site: United States.

EN_00995792_0096
EN_00995792_0096

Fossil Alethopteris fronds from a seed fern.

EN_00995792_0097
EN_00995792_0097

Allosaurus (Allosaurus fragilis) skull.

EN_00995792_0098
EN_00995792_0098

Cast of a skull of Australopithecus afarensis, an extinct hominid which lived between 3.9 and 2.9 million years ago.

EN_00995792_0099
EN_00995792_0099

Cast of Homo floresiensis skull. Nicknamed "Hobbit," H. floresiensis is a possible species in the genus Homo, remarkable for its small body and brain, that survived until relatively recent times. It was named after the Indonesian island of Flores on which the remains were found. One largely complete subfossil skeleton and a complete jawbone from a second individual (dated at 18,000 years old) was discovered in deposits in Liang Bua Cave on Flores in 2003.

EN_00995792_0100
EN_00995792_0100

Cast of Homo floresiensis skull. Nicknamed "Hobbit," H. floresiensis is a possible species in the genus Homo, remarkable for its small body and brain, that survived until relatively recent times. It was named after the Indonesian island of Flores on which the remains were found. One largely complete subfossil skeleton and a complete jawbone from a second individual (dated at 18,000 years old) was discovered in deposits in Liang Bua Cave on Flores in 2003.

EN_00995792_0101
EN_00995792_0101

Fossilized shark's tooth.

EN_00995792_0102
EN_00995792_0102

Knightia is an extinct genus of fish well-known from abundant fossils found in the Green River Formation of Wyoming, United States.

EN_00995792_0103
EN_00995792_0103

Fossil mastodon tooth from the Pleistocene era.

EN_00995792_0106
EN_00995792_0106

Trilobite fossils. Trilobites are a well-known fossil group of extinct marine arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period (526 million years ago), and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic era before beginning a drawn-out decline to extinction when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders, with the sole exception of Proetida, died out. Trilobites finally disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 250 million years ago.

EN_00995792_0107
EN_00995792_0107

Greek multiplication table on a wax tablet.

EN_00995792_0108
EN_00995792_0108

Greek multiplication table on a wax tablet.

EN_00995792_0109
EN_00995792_0109

Orthoceras fossil. Orthoceras is a genus of extinct nautiloid cephalopod. Their fossils are common and have a global distribution. They are distinguished by slender, elongate shells with the middle of the body chamber transversely constricted, and a subcentral orthochoanitic siphuncle.

EN_00995792_0110
EN_00995792_0110

Nautilus fossil.

EN_00995792_0111
EN_00995792_0111

Nautilus fossil.

EN_00995792_0112
EN_00995792_0112

Fossilized fish.

EN_00995792_0113
EN_00995792_0113

Fossilized fish.

EN_00995792_0114
EN_00995792_0114

Fossilized fish.

EN_00995792_0115
EN_00995792_0115

Illustration from 1972 of now extinct animals. At left is genus notochoerus from the suidae (pig) family, at bottom right is a species of Old World monkey, simopithecus, and at top right is Deinotherium a prehistoric relative of modern-day elephants.

EN_00995792_0116
EN_00995792_0116

Illustration of a Deinotherium, a prehistoric relative of modern-day elephants. It is also called the Hoe tusker and known as the third largest land mammal that has existed.

EN_00995792_0117
EN_00995792_0117

Illustration of the extinct genus notochoerus from the suidae (pig) family.

EN_00995792_0118
EN_00995792_0118

Illustration of a species of Old World monkey, simopithecus. the name simopithecus is a generic term covering the species Theropithecus brumpti, Theropithecus darti, and Theropithecus oswaldi.

EN_00995792_0119
EN_00995792_0119

Illustration of a Deinotherium, a prehistoric relative of modern-day elephants. It is also called the Hoe tusker and known as the third largest land mammal that has existed.

EN_00995792_0120
EN_00995792_0120

Archaeopteryx (Archaeopteryx lithographica) fossil cast. One of the earliest and most primitive birds known. It lived during the Late Jurassic Period approximately 150-145 million years ago.

EN_00995792_0121
EN_00995792_0121

Brachiopod fossil (Neospirifer sp.). Neospirifer had a worldwide distribution during the Carboniferous Period.

EN_00995792_0122
EN_00995792_0122

Brachiopod fossil (Neospirifer sp.). Neospirifer had a worldwide distribution during the Carboniferous Period.

EN_00995792_0123
EN_00995792_0123

Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) tooth found in Lamb Spring, Colorado.

EN_00995792_0124
EN_00995792_0124

Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) tooth found in Lamb Spring, Colorado.

EN_00995792_0125
EN_00995792_0125

American mastodon (Mammut americanum) tooth crown cast.

EN_00995792_0126
EN_00995792_0126

Ulodendron tree fossil from the Pennsylvanian period.

EN_00995792_0127
EN_00995792_0127

Brachiosaurus dinosaur, artwork. Brachiosaurus was the tallest dinosaur, standing up to 16 meters tall. Unusually for a dinosaur, its front legs were longer than its hind legs. It is thought that it fed on the high leaves of trees, as giraffes do today. Fossils of Brachiosaurus have been found in North America and Africa. It lived in the late Jurassic period, between 155 and 145 million years ago. It is thought that Brachiosaurus lived in herds, although a fully- grown adult would have had little to fear from predators.

EN_00995792_0128
EN_00995792_0128

Dorudon ("Spear-Tooth") was a genus of ancient cetacean that lived 41 to 33 million years ago, in the Eocene. They were about five meters (16 ft) long and were most likely carnivorous, feeding on small fish and mollusks. Dorudontines lived in warm seas around the world.

EN_00995792_0129
EN_00995792_0129

Passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius). Became extinct in 1914.

EN_00995792_0322
EN_00995792_0322

Albertosaurus skull. N.C.State Museum, Raleigh, NC.

EN_00995792_0323
EN_00995792_0323

Archaeopteryx skeleton cast. N.C. State Museum, Raleigh, NC.

EN_00995792_0324
EN_00995792_0324

Edmontosaurus, a hadrosaur or Duck-billed Dinosaur. N.C. State Museum, Raleigh, NC.

EN_00995792_0325
EN_00995792_0325

Icthyosaur fossil. N.C. State Museum, Raleigh, NC.

EN_00995792_0326
EN_00995792_0326

Squalodon Whale fossil. N.C. State Museum, Raleigh, NC.

EN_00995792_0327
EN_00995792_0327

Reconstruction of a a Parasaurolophus dinosaur. Durham Museum of Science and Life.

EN_00995792_0328
EN_00995792_0328

Reconstruction of several Troodons, a small meat-eating dinosaur now believed to have been feathered. Durham Museum of Science and Life.

EN_00995792_0329
EN_00995792_0329

Reconstruction of a Maiasaur at nest with hatching eggs. Durham Museum of Life and Science, North Carolina

EN_00995792_0330
EN_00995792_0330

Albertosaurus, a large, meat-eating dinosaur. Durham Museum of Life and Science, NC.

EN_00995792_0331
EN_00995792_0331

Models of mammoths at the La Brea Tar Pits in Hancock Park, Los Angeles, CA.

EN_00995792_0332
EN_00995792_0332

Models of mammoths at the La Brea Tar Pits in Hancock Park, Los Angeles, CA.

EN_00995792_0333
EN_00995792_0333

Hoplophoneus primaevus, an early form of saber-toothed mammal related to the true cats, but belonging to a different family, the Nimravidae. Oligocene (ca. 30 million years). South Dakota.

EN_00995792_0334
EN_00995792_0334

Ear picks, ear scoops, or ear spoons, are a type of curette used to clean the ear canal of earwax (cerumen). These are traditionally made from bamboo or precious metals such as silver or gold, but more commonly from stainless steel or plastic. Ear picks are a commonly used item and preferred for ear wax removal in Asia. The dry type of ear wax is found in persons of Asian descent. Down puff or feathers are located at the opposite end of some of the ear picks and are used to clean out tiny specks of flaky ear wax on the outer ear that may have broken off during the process of ear cleaning. Date of construction not given.

EN_00995792_0335
EN_00995792_0335

Color enhanced illustration of Triceratops. Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur which lived during the late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous Period, in North America.

EN_00995792_0336
EN_00995792_0336

Color enhanced illustration of Triceratops. Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur which lived during the late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous Period, in North America.

EN_00995792_0337
EN_00995792_0337

Ilustration of a transverse section of a hailstone, showing its formation of a series of hexagons around a central hexagonal core.

EN_00995792_0338
EN_00995792_0338

Ilustration of a transverse section of a hailstone, showing its formation of a series of hexagons around a central hexagonal core.

EN_00995792_0339
EN_00995792_0339

Tabac, tobacco plant, drawn by J.J. Grandville in the early 1800's. Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as an organic pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines. It is most commonly used as a recreational drug, and is a valuable cash crop for countries such as Cuba, China and the United States. In consumption it most commonly appears in the forms of smoking, chewing, snuffing, or dipping tobacco. Tobacco had long been in use as an entheogen in the Americas, but upon the arrival of Europeans in North America, it quickly became popularized as a trade item and a recreational drug. This popularization led to the development of the southern economy of the United States until it gave way to cotton. Following the American Civil War, a change in demand and a change in labor force allowed for the development of the cigarette. This new product quickly led to the growth of tobacco companies, until the scientific controversy of the mid-1900s.

EN_00995792_0340
EN_00995792_0340

Caption reads, " Tobacco, 1. flower; 2. calix; 3. seed vessel; 4. seed. Hand colored engraving by Elizabeth Blackwell...Among the illnesses that the oil of the tobacco leaf can cure, the author notes ulcers, piles, hemorrhoids, and the King's Evil (scrofula). At the time Blackwell was preparing her herbal, tobacco had already come into general use in England in the form of snuff and pipe tobaco and it was an important factor in the trade between Britian and the North American colonies." Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. In consumption it most commonly appears in the forms of smoking, chewing, snuffing, or dipping tobacco. Tobacco had long been in use as an entheogen in the Americas, but upon the arrival of Europeans in North America, it quickly became popularized as a trade item and a recreational drug.